Solar system consists of a star called the sun and all the surrounding objects. These objects, including eight known planets with elliptical orbits, meteors, asteroids, comets, dwarf planets, and natural satellites.
Believed that the solar system formed 4.6 billion years since the last and is the result of clumping of gas and dust in space which form the sun and the planets surrounding it.
The solar system is located on the edge of the Milky Way galaxy at a distance of about 2.6 x 1017 km from the center of the galaxy, or about 25,000 to 28,000 light years from the center of the galaxy. Solar system around the Milky Way galaxy center with a speed of 220 km / sec, and it takes time for 225-250 million years for the once around the galactic center. By the age of the solar system about 4.6 billion years, our solar system that has been around the galactic center as much as 20-25 times since formed.
Solar system endured by gravitational influence of the sun and the equivalent system of the solar system, which has a center line of a year light velocity, marked a sprinkling of comets called the Oort cloud. There is also a plate-shaped Oort cloud in the inner solar system that are recognized as the inner Oort cloud.
Caused by a longitudinal planet’s orbit, distance and position of the planets versus the sun position changed based on the position of planet in the orbit.
Origin of the Solar System
Many hypotheses about the origin of the solar system have been presented by experts, including:
Nebula Hypothesis
Nebula hypothesis was first proposed by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) in the year 1775. This hypothesis then perfected by the Marquis de Laplace Pierre in 1796. Therefore, the hypothesis is better known as nebula hypothesis Kant-Laplace. In the early stages of the solar system was still a giant fog. The fog was formed from dust, ice, and gas called nebulae. Elements of the gas mostly hydrogen. Because the its gravitational force, the fog was shrinking and turning in a certain direction. As a result, the temperature heats up and the fog became a giant star called the sun. Giant sun keep on shrinking and its rotation faster. Further gas rings and ice flew around the sun. Due to gravity, these gases condense along with the decrease in temperature and form inner planets. In the same way, the outer planets formed well.
Planetisimal Hypothesis
Planetisimal hypothesis was first proposed by Thomas C. Chamberlain and Forest R. Moulton in 1900. Planetisimal hypothesis says that our solar system formed as a result of another star who nearly crashed into the sun.
Star Tidal Hypothesis
Star tidal hypothesis was first proposed by James Jean and Jaffries Herold in 1917. Tidal hypothesis is very similar to the star planetisimal hypothesis. But the difference lies in the amount of the sun first.
Condensation Hypothesis
Condensation hypothesis originally put forward by the Dutch astronomer named GP Kuiper (1905-1973) in 1950. Condensation hypothesis explains that the solar system formed from a spinning giant fog ball forming giant discs.
Twin Star Hypothesis
Twin star hypothesis originally proposed by Fred Hoyle (1915-2001) in 1956. The hypothesis suggests that firstly our solar system was two stars of similar size and adjacent to one of them exploding leaving small fragments.
History of discovery
Five nearest planet to the Sun than Earth (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) has been known since ancient times because they all can be seen with the naked eye. Many people in this world have their own names for each planet.
Development of science and technology in the five centuries of observation and bring people to understand the celestial bodies are liberated from the veil of mythology. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) with his refractor telescope capable of making human eye “more sharply” in observing celestial bodies, which can not be observed by naked eye.
Because Galileo’s telescope could observe more sharply, he could see many changes in the appearance of Venus, as Venus Crescent as a result of position changes of Venus against the Sun. Venus around the Sun reasoning further strengthened its heliocentric theory, namely that the sun is the center of the universe, not the Earth, which was initiated by Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). Heliocentric arrangement is the sun surrounded by Mercury to Saturn.
Galileo telescopes continue to be improved by other scientists such as Christian Huygens (1629-1695) who discovered Titan, Saturn’s satellites, which were nearly 2 times the distance of Earth-Jupiter orbit.
The development of the telescope is also well balanced with the development of motion calculations of celestial bodies and relationships with each other through the Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) with Kepler’s Law. And the peak, Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) with the law of gravity. With these two theoretical calculations that allows the search and calculation of the celestial bodies further.
In 1781, William Hechell (1738-1782) discovered Uranus. Careful calculation of Uranus orbit concludes that the planet is disturbed. Neptune was discovered in August 1846. The discovery of Neptune was not enough to explain the interference of Uranus orbit. Pluto was later found in 1930. When Pluto was discovered, he was known as the only celestial object that was after Neptune. Then in 1978, Charon, satellites which make a circuit of Pluto found, previously mistaken for the real planet because it does not differ greatly with Pluto. Astronomers later found about 1,000 other small objects in the back of Neptune (called trans-Neptunian objects) are also around the Sun . There may be around 100,000 of similar objects known as Kuiper Belt objects (Kuiper belt is part of the trans-Neptunian objects). Dozens of celestial bodies including the Kuiper Belt Object that is Quaoar (1250 km in June 2002), Huya (750 km in March 2000), Sedna (1800 km in March 2004), Orcus, Vesta, Pallas, Hygiea, Varuna, and 2003 EL61 (1500 km in May 2004). The discovery of 2003 EL61 is horrendous because of this Kuiper Belt object known also have a satellite in January 2005, although smaller than Pluto. And the peak is the discovery of UB 313 (2700 km in October 2003) which was named Xena by its discoverer. Except larger than Pluto, this object also has a satellite.
List of planetary distances
List of planets and the average distance of the planet with the sun in the solar system is as follows:
57.9 million miles to Mercury
108.2 million miles to Venus
149.6 million miles to Earth
227.9 million miles to Mars
778.3 million miles to Jupiter
1427.0 million miles to Saturn
2871.0 million miles to Uranus
4497.0 million miles to Neptune
There is also asteroids circle, mostly around the sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Because of its rotational toward each axis, equator is the longest circumference in each planet and star.
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